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/*由Parrot改进的遗传算法求解TSP
*
*选择操作使用转赌轮算法
*变异算子采用逆转变异算法
*交叉时先使用顺序编码,单点交叉,然后解码
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<utility>
#include <time.h>
#include <assert.h>
using namespace std;
unsigned int cityNum=20; //城市数目
double** dist; //两两城市之间距离
const unsigned int generation = 5000; //迭代次数
const unsigned int populationSize = 50; //染色体数目
unsigned int chromLen = cityNum; //单条染色体序列长度,在这里为城市数目cityNum
const double mutationRate = 0.07; //基因突变概率
const double crossoverRate = 0.95; //两条染色体交叉概率
const int select_chromPair = 30; //选择染色体交叉对的次数
//等级选择+轮盘赌算法
//无条件保留最优的5条解,其余的分成5个等级,选择rank[5,10)的概率为2%
//选择rank[10,20)的概率为10%, 选择rank[20,30)的概率为18%
//选择rank[30,40)的概率为30%,选择rank[40,50)的概率为40%
//每个等级内部则根据其适应函数按轮盘赌算法选择
//轮盘赌算法,用于等级算法的第二次选择
int roulette_select(const double *fitness,int p,int r)
{
int i;
double* stage=new double[r-p+1];
stage[0] = fitness[p];
for (i=1;i<r-p+1;i++){
stage[i]=stage[i-1] + fitness[p+i];
}
double d = (rand()*1.0/RAND_MAX) * stage[r-p];
i=0;
while(d>stage[i]) i++;
delete[] stage;
return p+i;
}
int rank_select(const double* fitness,int sz)
{
int i;
//第一次选择等级区间
int rand_num = rand()%100;
if(rand_num<2) return roulette_select(fitness,5,9);
if(rand_num<12) return roulette_select(fitness,10,19);
if(rand_num<30) return roulette_select(fitness,20,29);
if(rand_num<60) return roulette_select(fitness,30,39);
return roulette_select(fitness,40,49);
}
//生成[0,n-1]的随机序列,保存到randorder中
void rand_int_order(vector<int>& randorder,const int n)
{
assert(n>1);
randorder.clear();
randorder.resize(n);
vector<int> recoder;
for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
recoder.push_back(i);
}
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
int sel=rand()%recoder.size();
randorder[i]=recoder[sel];
recoder.erase(recoder.begin()+sel);
}
//assertion
assert(randorder.size()==n);
}
//编码函数
void sequence_encode(vector<int>& chromosome)
{
vector<int> standard;
for (int i=0;i<chromosome.size();i++){
standard.push_back(i);
}
vector<int>::iterator ite;
for (int i=0;i<chromosome.size();i++){
ite=find(standard.begin(),standard.end(),chromosome[i]);
assert(ite!=standard.end());
chromosome[i]=ite-standard.begin();
standard.erase(ite);
}
}
//解码函数
void sequence_decode(vector<int>& chromosome)
{
vector<int>standard;
for (int i=0;i<chromosome.size();i++){
standard.push_back(i);
}
for (int i=0;i<chromosome.size();i++){
int t=chromosome[i];
chromosome[i]=standard[t];
standard.erase(standard.begin()+t);
}
}
//计算可行路径的适应函数值
double caculate_fit(const vector<int> &path)
{
double sum=0;
for(int i=1;i<=chromLen;i++) sum+=dist[path[i-1]][path[i%chromLen]];
return sum;
}
//初始化各城市之间的距离
void init(){
fstream fin("input_data.txt",ios::in);
dist=new double*[cityNum];
for (int i=0;i<cityNum;i++) dist[i]=new double[cityNum];
int data;
for (int i=0;i<cityNum;i++){
for (int j=i;j<cityNum;j++){
fin>>data;
if(i!=j) dist[i][j]=dist[j][i]=data;
else dist[i][j]=0;
}
}
fin.close();
}
void run()
{
fstream fout("output.txt",ios::out);
int curTime=int(time(0));
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
// 染色体数组
vector<vector<int> > population; //第0代
//随机化染色体序列
for (int i=0;i<populationSize;i++){
vector<int> chromo;
rand_int_order(chromo,chromLen); //随机产生一个可行解(用chromo表示)
population.push_back(chromo);
}
double glob_best_len = INT_MAX; //整个进化过程中得到的最优路径的长度
vector<int> glob_best_path; //整个进化过程中得到的最优路径
//开始进化
for (int g=0;g<generation;g++){
double *fitness = new double[populationSize]; //适应函数(可行路径的长度)
for(int i=0;i<populationSize;i++) fitness[i]=0;
//计算当前每条染色体的适应度函数(路径的长度)
for (int s=0;s<populationSize;s++) fitness[s]=caculate_fit(population[s]);
vector<vector<int> > parent; //parent为population按适应函数插入排序后得到的染色体组
for(int i=0;i<population.size();i++){
int j=0;
while(j<parent.size() && fitness[i]>=fitness[j]) j++; //插入位置
parent.insert(parent.begin()+j,population[i]);
double tmp = fitness[i];
for(int k=i;k>=j+1;k--) fitness[k]=fitness[k-1]; //同时更改fitness
fitness[j]=tmp;
}
population.clear(); //清空population,用以保存下一轮染色体
fout<<"**************************************************************************\n";
fout<<"第 "<<g<<" 轮进化\n";
for(int i=0;i<populationSize;i++){
fout<<"路径"<<i<<":"<<fitness[i]<<"(长度)\n";
for(int j=0;j<chromLen;j++) fout<<parent[i][j]<<"-->";
fout<<"\n\n";
}
fout<<"**************************************************************************\n";
if(glob_best_len>fitness[0]){ glob_best_len=fitness[0]; glob_best_path = parent[0];}
//选择25对交叉的染色体序号,去掉重复的
unordered_map<int,int> tab; //交叉对
for(int i=0;i<select_chromPair;i++){
int rs1 = rank_select(fitness,populationSize-1),rs2=rs1;
while(rs2==rs1) rs2 = rank_select(fitness,populationSize-1);
if(tab.find(rs1)==tab.end() && tab.find(rs2)==tab.end()){
tab[rs1] = rs2; tab[rs2] = rs1;
}
}
//将当前代没有被选择作为交叉对的直接加入到下一代
for(int i=0;i<populationSize;i++){
if(tab.find(i)==tab.end()){
vector<int> baby = parent[i];
if(rand()*1.0/RAND_MAX < mutationRate){ //进行变异
int p1 = rand()%chromLen, p2 = p1;
while(p1==p2) p2=rand()%chromLen;
//逆转baby染色体的某一段
reverse(baby.begin()+ min(p1,p2),baby.begin()+ max(p1,p2));
}
//精英策略,若是比当前代更差,则不保留baby
if(caculate_fit(baby)<fitness[i]) population.push_back(baby);
else population.push_back(parent[i]);
}
}
//按交叉概率决定选出来的交叉对是否交叉
while(population.size()<populationSize){
unordered_map<int,int>::iterator it = tab.begin();
int k1 = it->first, k2 = it->second;
vector<int> baby1 = parent[k1], baby2 = parent[k2];
tab.erase(k1);
tab.erase(k2);
if (rand()*1.0/RAND_MAX<crossoverRate){ //染色体交叉
//编码
sequence_encode(baby1);
sequence_encode(baby2);
//将编码后的两条染色体单点交叉
int crs = rand()%chromLen;
swap(baby1[crs],baby2[crs]);
//解码,解码后的染色体可能是连续交叉
sequence_decode(baby1);
sequence_decode(baby2);
}
//根据变异概率让baby1,baby2变异
for(int b=0;b<=1;b++){
if(rand()*1.0/RAND_MAX < mutationRate){
int p1 = rand()%chromLen, p2 = p1;
while(p1==p2) p2=rand()%chromLen;
//逆转baby1,baby2染色体的某一段
if(b==0) reverse(baby1.begin()+ min(p1,p2),baby1.begin()+ max(p1,p2));
else reverse(baby2.begin()+ min(p1,p2),baby2.begin()+ max(p1,p2));
}
}
if(caculate_fit(baby1)<fitness[k1]) population.push_back(baby1);
else population.push_back(parent[k1]);
if(caculate_fit(baby2)<fitness[k2]) population.push_back(baby2);
else population.push_back(parent[k2]);
}
delete fitness;
}
fout<<"\n\n\n历史最优路径长度: "
<<glob_best_len<<endl
<<"历史最优路径:\n";
for (int i=0;i<cityNum;i++){
fout<<glob_best_path[i]<<" ";
}
fout<<endl;
curTime=int(time(0))-curTime;
fout<<"总共用时:"<<curTime<<"ms\n";
fout.close();
}
int main(){
cout<<"running..."<<endl;
init();
run();
for (int i=0;i<cityNum;i++){ delete[] dist[i];}
delete[] dist;
cout<<"done!"<<endl;
return 0;
} |
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