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摘要
使用直 C++编写自动化代码有几个优点。 首先,你可以做你想要的。 接下来,代码将更小、更快、更易于调试。 最后,不会依赖于任何库。 即使你致力于使用 MFC 的包装类或 Visual C++的本机 COM 支持 (#import) ,你仍可能仍必须深入了解 IDispatch 和 COM 自动化的内脏,以解决这些框架的常见 bug 和限制。
更多信息
按照以下步骤生成简单的 Visual C++ 6.0 控制台应用程序,该应用程序仅使用 C++自动执行 Microsoft Office Excel:
启动 Visual C++ 6.0,并创建名为 XlCpp 的新 Win32 控制台应用程序。 选择“Hello, World!” 应用程序库,然后单击 “完成”。
打开生成的 XlCpp.cpp,并在 main () 函数之前添加以下代码。
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#include <ole2.h> // OLE2 Definitions
// AutoWrap() - Automation helper function...
HRESULT AutoWrap(int autoType, VARIANT *pvResult, IDispatch *pDisp, LPOLESTR ptName, int cArgs...) {
// Begin variable-argument list...
va_list marker;
va_start(marker, cArgs);
if(!pDisp) {
MessageBox(NULL, "NULL IDispatch passed to AutoWrap()", "Error", 0x10010);
_exit(0);
}
// Variables used...
DISPPARAMS dp = { NULL, NULL, 0, 0 };
DISPID dispidNamed = DISPID_PROPERTYPUT;
DISPID dispID;
HRESULT hr;
char buf[200];
char szName[200];
// Convert down to ANSI
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, ptName, -1, szName, 256, NULL, NULL);
// Get DISPID for name passed...
hr = pDisp->GetIDsOfNames(IID_NULL, &ptName, 1, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, &dispID);
if(FAILED(hr)) {
sprintf(buf, "IDispatch::GetIDsOfNames(\"%s\") failed w/err 0x%08lx", szName, hr);
MessageBox(NULL, buf, "AutoWrap()", 0x10010);
_exit(0);
return hr;
}
// Allocate memory for arguments...
VARIANT *pArgs = new VARIANT[cArgs+1];
// Extract arguments...
for(int i=0; i<cArgs; i++) {
pArgs[i] = va_arg(marker, VARIANT);
}
// Build DISPPARAMS
dp.cArgs = cArgs;
dp.rgvarg = pArgs;
// Handle special-case for property-puts!
if(autoType & DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT) {
dp.cNamedArgs = 1;
dp.rgdispidNamedArgs = &dispidNamed;
}
// Make the call!
hr = pDisp->Invoke(dispID, IID_NULL, LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT, autoType, &dp, pvResult, NULL, NULL);
if(FAILED(hr)) {
sprintf(buf, "IDispatch::Invoke(\"%s\"=%08lx) failed w/err 0x%08lx", szName, dispID, hr);
MessageBox(NULL, buf, "AutoWrap()", 0x10010);
_exit(0);
return hr;
}
// End variable-argument section...
va_end(marker);
delete [] pArgs;
return hr;
}
在 main () 函数中,将 printf () 行替换为以下代码。
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// Initialize COM for this thread...
CoInitialize(NULL);
// Get CLSID for our server...
CLSID clsid;
HRESULT hr = CLSIDFromProgID(L"Excel.Application", &clsid);
if(FAILED(hr)) {
::MessageBox(NULL, "CLSIDFromProgID() failed", "Error", 0x10010);
return -1;
}
// Start server and get IDispatch...
IDispatch *pXlApp;
hr = CoCreateInstance(clsid, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IDispatch, (void **)&pXlApp);
if(FAILED(hr)) {
::MessageBox(NULL, "Excel not registered properly", "Error", 0x10010);
return -2;
}
// Make it visible (i.e. app.visible = 1)
{
VARIANT x;
x.vt = VT_I4;
x.lVal = 1;
AutoWrap(DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT, NULL, pXlApp, L"Visible", 1, x);
}
// Get Workbooks collection
IDispatch *pXlBooks;
{
VARIANT result;
VariantInit(&result);
AutoWrap(DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, &result, pXlApp, L"Workbooks", 0);
pXlBooks = result.pdispVal;
}
// Call Workbooks.Add() to get a new workbook...
IDispatch *pXlBook;
{
VARIANT result;
VariantInit(&result);
AutoWrap(DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, &result, pXlBooks, L"Add", 0);
pXlBook = result.pdispVal;
}
// Create a 15x15 safearray of variants...
VARIANT arr;
arr.vt = VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT;
{
SAFEARRAYBOUND sab[2];
sab[0].lLbound = 1; sab[0].cElements = 15;
sab[1].lLbound = 1; sab[1].cElements = 15;
arr.parray = SafeArrayCreate(VT_VARIANT, 2, sab);
}
// Fill safearray with some values...
for(int i=1; i<=15; i++) {
for(int j=1; j<=15; j++) {
// Create entry value for (i,j)
VARIANT tmp;
tmp.vt = VT_I4;
tmp.lVal = i*j;
// Add to safearray...
long indices[] = {i,j};
SafeArrayPutElement(arr.parray, indices, (void *)&tmp);
}
}
// Get ActiveSheet object
IDispatch *pXlSheet;
{
VARIANT result;
VariantInit(&result);
AutoWrap(DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, &result, pXlApp, L"ActiveSheet", 0);
pXlSheet = result.pdispVal;
}
// Get Range object for the Range A1:O15...
IDispatch *pXlRange;
{
VARIANT parm;
parm.vt = VT_BSTR;
parm.bstrVal = ::SysAllocString(L"A1:O15");
VARIANT result;
VariantInit(&result);
AutoWrap(DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, &result, pXlSheet, L"Range", 1, parm);
VariantClear(&parm);
pXlRange = result.pdispVal;
}
// Set range with our safearray...
AutoWrap(DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT, NULL, pXlRange, L"Value", 1, arr);
// Wait for user...
::MessageBox(NULL, "All done.", "Notice", 0x10000);
// Set .Saved property of workbook to TRUE so we aren't prompted
// to save when we tell Excel to quit...
{
VARIANT x;
x.vt = VT_I4;
x.lVal = 1;
AutoWrap(DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT, NULL, pXlBook, L"Saved", 1, x);
}
// Tell Excel to quit (i.e. App.Quit)
AutoWrap(DISPATCH_METHOD, NULL, pXlApp, L"Quit", 0);
// Release references...
pXlRange->Release();
pXlSheet->Release();
pXlBook->Release();
pXlBooks->Release();
pXlApp->Release();
VariantClear(&arr);
// Uninitialize COM for this thread...
CoUninitialize();
编译并运行。
AutoWrap () 函数简化了直接使用 IDispatch 涉及的大部分低级别详细信息。 在你自己的实现中随意使用它。 一个注意事项是,如果传递多个参数,则需要按反向顺序传递这些参数。 例如:
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VARIANT parm[3];
parm[0].vt = VT_I4; parm[0].lVal = 1;
parm[1].vt = VT_I4; parm[1].lVal = 2;
parm[2].vt = VT_I4; parm[2].lVal = 3;
AutoWrap(DISPATCH_METHOD, NULL, pDisp, L"call", 3, parm[2], parm[1], parm[0]); |
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